The Tibetan and Himalayan Library

Miscellaneous Points On Bibliographical Citations

<h3 class="heading-h6"><a name="THLToolboxhomegtEssaysgtBibliographicCitationsgtExtensiveListofBibliographicReferences" class="anchorpoint"></a><a href="/tools/wiki/home.html">THL Toolbox</a> > <a href="/tools/wiki/Essays.html">Essays</a> > <a href="/tools/wiki/Bibliographic%20Citations.html">Bibliographic Citations</a> > Extensive List of Bibliographic References</h3> <h3 class="heading-h1"><a name="ExtensiveListofBibliographicReferences" class="anchorpoint"></a>Extensive List of Bibliographic References</h3>Contributor(s): David Germano, Alison Melnick, Steven Weinberger, Bill McGrath.This is a supplement for <a href="/tools/wiki/Bibliographic%20Citations.html">Bibliographic Citations</a>, which describes the basic footnote/endnote citations and bibliographical entries. This page has an extensive list of the varieties of bibliographic references as well as a list of points concerning individual components of bibliographic reference. <h3 class="heading-h2"><a name="IPointsConcerningEntriesintheBibliography" class="anchorpoint"></a>I. Points Concerning Entries in the Bibliography</h3> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="AlphabetizingTibetanandChineseAuthorsintheBibliography" class="anchorpoint"></a>Alphabetizing Tibetan and Chinese Authors in the Bibliography</h3> <ul class="star"><li>For Tibetan authors: alphabetize by the first letter even if it is not the root letter. Example: rdo rje rgyal mtshan would be alphabetized in the “r”s as rdo rje rgyal mtshan. Do NOT capitalize any letters; the first letter of the first syllable will be capitalized by the stylesheets when the article/essay is displayed online.</li> <li>For Chinese authors: the last or family name is the first word in a Chinese name, so alphabetize by that and do no use a comma to separate first and last name. Example: alphabetize “Mao Zedong” in the “m”s as Mao Zedong.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="MultipleEntriesbytheSameAuthorintheBibliography" class="anchorpoint"></a>Multiple Entries by the Same Author in the Bibliography</h3>When more than one work in the Bibliography has the same author(s), then for all entries after the first, use three em dashes in place of the author’s name. Example:Kapstein, Matthew T. The Tibetan Assimilation of Buddhism: Conversion, Contestation, and Memory. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. ———. The Tibetans. Malden, MA and Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 2006.To insert an em dash: <ol><li>Place the cursor where you want to insert the three em dashes by clicking at that point in the Word document</li> <li>Pull down the “Insert” menu</li> <li>Click on “Symbol”</li> <li>Click on the “Special Characters” tab</li> <li>Near the top of the list you will find “em dash”; click on it so that it is highlighted</li> <li>Click the “insert” button three times; three em dashes will be inserted in the Word document.</li> <li>Close the “Symbol” dialogue box</li></ol> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="ACitingTibetanWorks" class="anchorpoint"></a>A. Citing Tibetan Works</h3> Cite these as you would any other monograph.In a footnote/endnote: <ul class="star"><li>bu ston rin chen grub, rnal ’byor rgyud kyi rgya mtshor ’jug pa’i gru gzing, in bu ston gsung ’bum, vol. da [11] (lha sa: zhol par khang, 1988), 23a.5.</li> <li>Do not capitalize the Wylie of the author or title.</li> <li>For all Tibetan texts, treat them as a book regardless of their length. That is, do not put Tibetan titles in quotation marks, as you would for an article.</li> <li>Do not italicize the text title.</li> <li>For pagination of Tibetan dpe chas, use the format that indicates the folio side and line number, such as 23a.5 or 234b.2.</li> <li>For Tibetan works published in India (or sometimes, Sikkim) that have roman titles and/or author names, use the published form. Put the THL Extended Wylie in square brackets [ ]. For example:<ul class="star"><li>Ṅag-dbaṅ-blo-bzaṅ-rgya-mtsho [ngag dbang blo bzang rgya mtsho], The Collected Works of Vth Dalai Lama Ṅag-dbaṅ-blo-bzaṅ-rgya-mtsho (Gangtok, Sikkim: Sikkim Research Institute of Tibetology, 1991-95).</li></ul> </li> <li>When a Tibetan work does not have a title page in roman letters, then use THL Extended Wylie as in the example of the text by Bu ston above.</li></ul>Subsequent citations of a work are abbreviated: for a Tibetan author, use the full name and a four- or five-word abbreviated title (do not use the conventions ibid., op cit., or loc cit.), plus the page number if the citation has one. Example: <ul class="star"><li>Ṅag-dbaṅ-blo-bzaṅ-rgya-mtsho, Collected Works, 75.</li></ul>Bibliography: <ul class="star"><li>Alphabetize TIbetan author names according to the first letter, whether it is the root letter or not. So klong chen rab ’byams would be alphabetized in the “k”s as klong chen rab ’byams. Do not capitalize the first letter of the first syllable; this will be done by the stylesheets when the article/essay is displayed online.</li> <li>Alphabetize letters with diacritics (such as Ṅ in the above example) as if they were the letter without the diacritic.</li> <li>Supply English translations for all text titles in square brackets [ ] after the title. For example:<ul class="star"><li>bu ston rin chen grub. rnal ’byor rgyud kyi rgya mtshor ’jug pa’i gru gzing [Ship for Launching onto the Ocean of Yoga Tantra]. In bu ston gsung ’bum [The Collected Works of Butön], vol. da [11]. lha sa: zhol par khang, 1988.</li></ul></li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h2"><a name="IIPointsConcerningIndividualComponentsofBibliographicReferences" class="anchorpoint"></a>II. Points Concerning Individual Components of Bibliographic References</h3> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="TitlewithinaBookTitle" class="anchorpoint"></a>Title within a Book Title</h3>These are always set in quotation marks (all titles: those that would be italicized as well as titles that by themselves would be set in quotation marks, such as article titles). Example: <ul class="star"><li>Jane Scholar, An Annotated Translation of Buddhaguhya’s “Rgyud don ’jug pa” (Indianapolis: Buddhist Holy Land Press, 2002), 76.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="ItalicizedWordwithinaBookTitle" class="anchorpoint"></a>Italicized Word within a Book Title</h3>Make italic any word within a book title that would normally be italicized. Example: <ul class="star"><li>Jane Scholar, A New Look at the Term Stong pa nyid in Tibet (Indianapolis: Buddhist Holy Land Press, 2005), 45.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="ATitlewithinanArticleorChapterTitle" class="anchorpoint"></a>A Title within an Article or Chapter Title</h3>A book title within an article/chapter title: make the book title italics. Example: <ul class="star"><li>Jane Scholar, “Reading Buddhaguhya’s Rgyud don ’jug pa,” Journal of Buddhist Detritus, no. 4 (2005): 115-36.</li></ul>A title that by itself would be set in quotation marks (an article title, a chapter title, and so forth) is set in single quotation marks. Example: <ul class="star"><li>Jane Scholar, “A Response to Ming med rdo rje’s Article ‘Lhasa and the West’ from a Western Perspective,” Journal of Buddhist Detritus, no. 3 (2004): 127-45.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="ItalicizedWordswithinanArticleorChapterTitle" class="anchorpoint"></a>Italicized Words within an Article or Chapter Title</h3>Words that are normally italicized remain italicized in an article or chapter title; make such words italics. Example: <ul class="star"><li>Jane Scholar, “On the Term gzhan stong,” Journal of Buddhist Detritus, no. 4 (2005): 115.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h2"><a name="IIIVariousTypesofBibliographicReferences" class="anchorpoint"></a>III. Various Types of Bibliographic References</h3> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="AVariationsofJournalArticleFormats" class="anchorpoint"></a>A. Variations of Journal Article Formats</h3>If the Journal Uses Issue Number Only, with No Volume Number <ul class="star"><li>There is a comma after the journal title, followed by “no.” and then the number</li> <li>footnote Rolf A. Stein, “Un genre particulier d’exposés du tantrisme ancien tibétain et khotanais,” Journal Asiatique, no. 275 (1987): 265-82.</li> <li>bibliography Stein, Rolf A. “Un genre particulier d’exposés du tantrisme ancien tibétain et khotanais.” Journal Asiatique, no. 275 (1987): 265-82.</li></ul>If the Article is in a Named, Special Issue of a Journal <ul class="star"><li>Note that the name of the special issue is within quotation marks; it is not italicized.</li> <li>footnote Per Sørensen, “Lhasa Diluvium – Sacred Environment at Stake: The Birth of Flood Control Politics, the Question of Natural Disaster Management and Their Importance for the Hegemony over a National Monument in Tibet,” in “Cosmogony and the Origins,” special issue, Lungta, no. 16 (Spring 2003): 88.</li> <li>bibliography Sørensen, Per. “Lhasa Diluvium – Sacred Environment at Stake: The Birth of Flood Control Politics, the Question of Natural Disaster Management and Their Importance for the Hegemony over a National Monument in Tibet.” In “Cosmogony and the Origins.” Special issue, Lungta, no. 16 (Spring 2003): 85-134.</li></ul>New Series, Second Series, and so forth <ul class="star"><li>Some journals have been published for so long that they start the numbering over at 1 and call it “new series” or “2nd series” and so forth.</li> <li>footnote Toni Huber and Poul Pedersen, “Meteorological Knowledge and Environmental Ideas in Traditional and Modern Societies: The Case of Tibet,” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, n.s., 3, no. 3 (1997): 577-98.</li> <li>bibliography Huber, Toni, and Poul Pedersen. “Meteorological Knowledge and Environmental Ideas in Traditional and Modern Societies: The Case of Tibet.” Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, n.s., 3, no. 3 (1997): 577-98.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="BCitationFormatforOneVolumeofaMultiVolumeWork" class="anchorpoint"></a>B. Citation Format for One Volume of a Multi-Volume Work</h3>Please note, the volume and issue numbers should not be included as part of the title of the journal (or other multi-volume publications).<ul class="star"><li>footnote: Valrae Reynolds, Amy Heller, and Janet Gyatso, The Newark Museum Tibetan Collection, vol. 3, Sculpture and Painting (Newark: The Newark Museum, 1986), 169-71.</li></ul><ul class="star"><li>bibliography: Reynolds, Valrae, Amy Heller, and Janet Gyatso. The Newark Museum Tibetan Collection. Vol. 3, Sculpture and Painting. Newark: The Newark Museum, 1986.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="CCitationFormatforanUnnamedVolumeofaMultiVolumeWork" class="anchorpoint"></a>C. Citation Format for an Unnamed Volume of a Multi-Volume Work</h3><ul class="star"><li>footnote: Joseph Needham, Science and Civilization in China, vol. 2 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1962), 37.</li></ul><ul class="star"><li>bibliography: Needham, Joseph. Science and Civilization in China. Vol. 2. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1962.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="DCitationFormatforaVolumeinaMultiVolumeWorkwithVolumesWrittenbyDifferentAuthors" class="anchorpoint"></a>D. Citation Format for a Volume in a Multi-Volume Work with Volumes Written by Different Authors</h3><ul class="star"><li>footnote: Charles Peterson, “Court and Province in Mid- and Late-T’ang,” in The Cambridge History of China, vol. 3, Sui and T’ang China, 589-906, Part 1 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979), 518-19.<ul class="star"><li>This will display online as: Charles Peterson, “Court and Province in Mid- and Late-T’ang,” in The Cambridge History of China, vol. 3, Sui and T’ang China, 589-906, Part 1 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979), 518-19.</li></ul> </li> <li>bibliography: Peterson, Charles. “Court and Province in Mid- and Late-T’ang.” In The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 3, Sui and T’ang China, 589-906, Part 1, 467-560. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.<ul class="star"><li>This will display online as: Peterson, Charles. “Court and Province in Mid- and Late-T’ang.” In The Cambridge History of China. Vol. 3, Sui and T’ang China, 589-906, Part 1, 467-560. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.</li></ul></li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="ECitationFormatforanEditedMultiVolumeWorkwithNoAuthor" class="anchorpoint"></a>E. Citation Format for an Edited Multi-Volume Work with No Author</h3><ul class="star"><li>footnote, when page number is cited: B. Bhattacharya, ed., Sādhanamālā (Baroda: Gaekwad’s Oriental Series, 1925), 2:572.</li></ul><ul class="star"><li>footnote, when page number is not cited: B. Bhattacharya, ed., Sādhanamālā, vol. 2 (Baroda: Gaekwad’s Oriental Series, 1925).</li></ul><ul class="star"><li>bibliography: Bhattacharya, B., ed. Sādhanamālā. Volume 2. Baroda: Gaekwad’s Oriental Series, 1925.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="FCitationFormatfortheEntireWorkofaMultivolumeWork" class="anchorpoint"></a>F. Citation Format for the Entire Work of a Multi-volume Work</h3><ul class="star"><li>footnote Sven Hedin, Trans-himalaya, ed. James Imahamisher, 2 vols. (New York: Macmillan, 1909).</li></ul><ul class="star"><li>bibliography Hedin, Sven. Trans-himalaya. Edited by James Imahamisher. 2 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1909.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="GCitationFormatforaVolumethatisPartofaSeries" class="anchorpoint"></a>G. Citation Format for a Volume that is Part of a Series</h3><ul class="star"><li>footnote mKhas-paḥi-dgaḥ-ston by Dpaḥ-bo-gtsug-lag-phreng-ba, ed. Lokesh Chandra, Śatapiṭaka Series 9 (New Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture, 1965), 109b.3.</li></ul><ul class="star"><li>bibliography mKhas-paḥi-dgaḥ-ston by Dpaḥ-bo-gtsug-lag-phreng-ba. Edited by Lokesh Chandra. Śatapiṭaka Series 9. New Delhi: International Academy of Indian Culture, 1965.</li></ul>Citations for Canonical Texts must include the catalogue and volume number in every reference.<ul class="star"><li>bibliography bde chen chos kyi dbang mo. mkha’ ’gro rgya mtsho’i rnam thar gsang ba’i mdzod (title from f. 278b). In bon po bka’ ’gyur, 189: ff. 1-281. Ling shan edition, c. 1985, copy in the University of Oslo.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="HCitationFormatforanEditedWorkwithNoAuthor" class="anchorpoint"></a>H. Citation Format for an Edited Work with No Author</h3><ul class="star"><li>footnote, when page number is cited: B. Bhattacharya, ed., Sādhanamālā (Baroda: Gaekwad’s Oriental Series, 1925), 572.</li></ul><ul class="star"><li>footnote, when page number is not cited: B. Bhattacharya, ed., Sādhanamālā (Baroda: Gaekwad’s Oriental Series, 1925).</li></ul><ul class="star"><li>bibliography: Bhattacharya, B., ed. Sādhanamālā. Baroda: Gaekwad’s Oriental Series, 1925.</li></ul>Note: in all footnote citations after the first citation, delete the “ed.,”If there is more than one editor <ul class="star"><li>footnote Kenneth Baynes, James Bohmann, and Thomas McCarthy, eds., After Philosophy (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987), 143.</li></ul><ul class="star"><li>bibliography: Baynes, Kenneth, James Bohmann, and Thomas McCarthy, eds. After Philosophy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1987.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="ICitationFormatforanEditedWorkwithanAuthor" class="anchorpoint"></a>I. Citation Format for an Edited Work with an Author</h3><ul class="star"><li>footnote W. H. Auden, Comedy: Meaning and Form, ed. Robert Corrigan (San Francisco: Chandler, 1965).</li></ul> Note: if there is more than one editor, you still use ed. and not eds.<ul class="star"><li>bibliography Auden, W. H. Comedy: Meaning and Form. Edited by Robert Corrigan. San Francisco: Chandler, 1965.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="JCitationFormatforaChapterorOtherSectionofaSingleAuthorWork" class="anchorpoint"></a>J. Citation Format for a Chapter or Other Section of a Single-Author Work</h3><ul class="star"><li>footnote See, for example, Stan Mumford, Himalayan Dialogue: Tibetan Lamas and Gurung Shamans in Nepal (Madison, Wis.: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989), chap. 10.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="KCitationFormatforaChapterorOtherSectionofanEditedMultiAuthorVolumewithPageReference" class="anchorpoint"></a>K. Citation Format for a Chapter or Other Section of an Edited Multi-Author Volume, with Page Reference </h3><ul class="star"><li>footnote (first occurrence) Cristina A. Scherrer-Schaub and George Bonani, “Establishing a Typology of the Old Tibetan Manuscripts: A Multidisciplinary Approach,” in Dunhuang Manuscript Forgeries, ed. Susan Whitfield (London: The British Library, 2002), 184-215.</li></ul> Note: if there is more than one editor, you still use ed. and not eds.<ul class="star"><li>footnote (subsequent occurrences) Scherrer-Schaub and Bonani, “Establishing a Typology,” 212.</li></ul><ul class="star"><li>bibliography Scherrer-Schaub, Cristina A., and George Bonani. “Establishing a Typology of the Old Tibetan Manuscripts: A Multidisciplinary Approach.” In Dunhuang Manuscript Forgeries, edited by Susan Whitfield, 184-215. London: The British Library, 2002.</li></ul>If more than one chapter or article from the same edited volume are citedfootnote 2 Cristina A. Scherrer-Schaub and George Bonani, “Establishing a Typology of the Old Tibetan Manuscripts: A Multidisciplinary Approach,” in Dunhuang Manuscript Forgeries, ed. Susan Whitfield (London: The British Library, 2002), 184-215. 3 This point is still contested. 4 See Fujieda Akira, “Chronological Classification of Dunhuang Buddhist Manuscripts,” in Whitfield, Dunhuang Manuscript Forgeries, 111–12.bibliography create an entry for the edited volume itself in the bibliography. Example: <ul class="star"><li>Whitfield, Susan, ed. Dunhuang Manuscript Forgeries. London: The British Library, 2002.</li></ul> Then use an abbreviated form of the volume title and the editor in the entries for articles in that volume: <ul class="star"><li>Akira, Fujieda. “Chronological Classification of Dunhuang Buddhist Manuscripts.” In Whitfield, Dunhuang Manuscript Forgeries, 103-14.</li> <li>Scherrer-Schaub, Cristina A., and George Bonani. “Establishing a Typology of the Old Tibetan Manuscripts: A Multidisciplinary Approach.” In Whitfield, Dunhuang Manuscript Forgeries, 184-215.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="LCitationFormatforaChapterorOtherSectionofanEditedMultiAuthorMultiVolumeWork" class="anchorpoint"></a>L. Citation Format for a Chapter or Other Section of an Edited Multi-Author Multi-Volume Work</h3><ul class="star"><li>footnote See R.A Stein, “On the Word gCug-lag and the Indigenous Religion,” in The History of Tibet, ed. Alex McKay, vol. 1 (London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003), 530-83.</li></ul><ul class="star"><li>bibliography Stein, R. A. “On the Word gCug-lag and the Indigenous Religion.” In The History of Tibet, edited by Alex McKay. Vol. 1, 530-83. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="MCitationFormatforanArticleinaPIATSVolumeorotherProceedings" class="anchorpoint"></a>M. Citation Format for an Article in a PIATS Volume (or other Proceedings)</h3><ul class="star"><li>footnote Toni Huber, “Ritual Revival and Innovation at Bird Cemetery Mountain,” in Amdo Tibetans in Transition: Society and Culture During the Post-Mao Era, ed. Toni Huber, PIATS 2000, vol. 5 (Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2002), 113-45.</li></ul><ul class="star"><li>bibliography Huber, Toni. “Ritual Revival and Innovation at Bird Cemetery Mountain.” In Amdo Tibetans in Transition: Society and Culture during the Post-Mao Era, edited by Toni Huber, 113-45. Vol. 5 of PIATS 2000: Tibetan Studies: Proceedings of the Ninth Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Leiden 2000, edited by Henk Blezer. Brill’s Tibetan Studies Library 2. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2002.<ul class="star"><li>This will display online as: Huber, Toni. “Ritual Revival and Innovation at Bird Cemetery Mountain.” In Amdo Tibetans in Transition: Society and Culture during the Post-Mao Era, edited by Toni Huber, 113-45. Vol. 5 of PIATS 2000: Tibetan Studies: Proceedings of the Ninth Seminar of the International Association for Tibetan Studies, Leiden 2000, edited by Henk Blezer. Brill’s Tibetan Studies Library 2. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers, 2002.</li></ul></li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="NCitationFormatforaTranslatedWorkwithNoAuthor" class="anchorpoint"></a>N. Citation Format for a Translated Work with No Author</h3><ul class="star"><li>footnote Khenpo Könchog Gyaltsen, trans., The Great Kagyu Masters: The Golden Lineage Treasury (Ithaca: Snow Lion, 1990), 240.</li></ul><ul class="star"><li>bibliography Khenpo Könchog Gyaltsen, trans. The Great Kagyu Masters: The Golden Lineage Treasury. Ithaca: Snow Lion, 1990.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="OCitationFormatforaTranslatedWorkwithanAuthor" class="anchorpoint"></a>O. Citation Format for a Translated Work with an Author </h3><ul class="star"><li>footnote Jikido Takasaki, An Introduction to Buddhism, trans. Rolf Giebel (Tokyo: Tōhō Gakkai, 1987), 131.</li></ul> Note if there is more than one translator, you still use “trans.”<ul class="star"><li>bibliography Takasaki, Jikido. An Introduction to Buddhism. Translated by Rolf Giebel. Tokyo: Tōhō Gakkai, 1987.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="PCitationFormatforanEditionotherthantheFirstEdition" class="anchorpoint"></a>P. Citation Format for an Edition other than the First Edition </h3><ul class="star"><li>footnote Bu-ston Rin-chen-grub, The History of Buddhism in India and Tibet, tr. E. Obermiller, 3rd ed. (Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 1986), 190.</li></ul><ul class="star"><li>bibliography Bu-ston Rin-chen-grub. The History of Buddhism in India and Tibet. Translated by E. Obermiller. 3rd ed. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 1986.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="QCitationFormatforaReprintEdition" class="anchorpoint"></a>Q. Citation Format for a Reprint Edition</h3> <ul class="star"><li>footnote Jane Scholar, Flotsam on the Tibetan Plateau (1998; repr., Delhi: Land of Snows Press, 2005), 34.</li></ul><ul class="star"><li>bibliography Jane Scholar. Flotsam on the Tibetan Plateau. 1998. Reprint, Delhi: Land of Snows Press, 2005.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="RCitationFormatforanArticleinaNewspaper" class="anchorpoint"></a>R. Citation Format for an Article in a Newspaper</h3> <ul class="star"><li>footnote “Praise for Beijing by a Lama It Appointed,” New York Times, December 27, 2005, A5.</li></ul><ul class="star"><li>bibliography Anonymous. “Praise for Beijing by a Lama It Appointed.” New York Times, December 27, 2005, A5.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="STheCitationFormatforUnpublishedMaterial" class="anchorpoint"></a>S. The Citation Format for Unpublished Material</h3> The title is always in quotation marks; it is never italicized. This is true for both monographs and article/chapters.Note: This includes all theses and dissertations not published by a commercial press. <ul class="star"><li>footnote Stephen Hodge, trans., “*Kaṇikrodha-vajrakumāra-bodhisattva-sādhana-vidhi (T1222a)” (Unpublished translation from the Chinese, 1989).</li> <li>bibliography Hodge, Stephen, trans. “*Kaṇikrodha-vajrakumāra-bodhisattva-sādhana-vidhi (T1222a).” Unpublished translation from the Chinese, 1989.</li></ul> PhD Dissertation: <ul class="star"><li>footnote: Gregory Hillis, “The Rhetoric of Naturalness: A Critical Study of the Gnas lugs mdzod” (PhD diss., University of Virginia, 2003), 138.</li> <li>bibliography Hillis, Gregory. “The Rhetoric of Naturalness: A Critical Study of the Gnas lugs mdzod.” PhD diss., University of Virginia, 2003.</li></ul> Master’s Thesis: <ul class="star"><li>footnote: Gregory A. Hillis, “An Introduction and Translation of Vinitadeva’s Explanation of the First Ten Verses of (Vasubandhu’s) Commentary on his ‘Twenty Stanzas’ with Appended Glossary of Technical Terms” (Master’s thesis, University of Virginia, 1993), 64.</li> <li>bibliography Hillis, Gregory A. “An Introduction and Translation of Vinitadeva’s Explanation of the First Ten Verses of (Vasubandhu’s) Commentary on his ‘Twenty Stanzas’ with Appended Glossary of Technical Terms.” Master’s thesis, University of Virginia, 1993.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="TTheCitationFormatforanUnpublishedPaperDeliveredataConference" class="anchorpoint"></a>T. The Citation Format for an Unpublished Paper Delivered at a Conference</h3><ul class="star"><li>footnote Robert Sharf, “The Enigma of the Dunhuang Caves” (paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Religion, San Antonio, TX, November 22, 2004).</li> <li>bibliography Sharf, Robert. “The Enigma of the Dunhuang Caves.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Religion, San Antonio, TX, November 22, 2004.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="UTheCitationFormatforCDsVCDsandOtherProducedMusic" class="anchorpoint"></a>U. The Citation Format for CDs, VCDs, and Other Produced Music:</h3><ul class="star"><li>footnote bod dang chang rigs kyi sgor bro, Tibet Sounds Music, VCD ISRC CN-G12-00-012-00/V.J6.</li> <li>bibliography bod dang chang rigs kyi sgor bro. Tibet Sounds Music. VCD ISRC CN-G12-00-012-00/V.J6.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="VTheCitationFormatforArticlesontheWebthatHaveChangedLocation" class="anchorpoint"></a>V. The Citation Format for Articles on the Web that Have Changed Location </h3><ul class="star"><li>footnote Tibet Information Network, “Tibetans Lose Ground in Public Sector Employment,” Phayul.com, http://www.phayul.com/news/tools/print.aspx?id=8864&t=1 (originally published on Tibet Information Network, “News Update,” January 20, 2005; site now discontinued).</li> <li> bibliography Tibet Information Network. “Tibetans Lose Ground in Public Sector Employment.” Phayul.com, http://www.phayul.com/news/tools/print.aspx?id=8864&t=1. Originally published on Tibet Information Network, “News Update,” January 20, 2005; site now discontinued.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="WTheCitationFormatforTelevisionPrograms" class="anchorpoint"></a>W. The Citation Format for Television Programs</h3>The following examples are for a specific show of a program called “Focus” that aired on the CCTV station on April 2, 2002. <ul class="star"><li>footnote Focus, CCTV, April 2, 2002.<ul class="star"><li>This will display online as: Focus, CCTV, April 2, 2002.</li></ul> </li> <li>bibliography Focus. CCTV, April 2, 2002.</li></ul><a name="forthcoming" class="anchorpoint"></a> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="XForthcomingArticle" class="anchorpoint"></a>X. Forthcoming Article </h3>When a journal article has been accepted for publication but the journal issue has not yet been published, use “forthcoming” in place of the date:<ul class="star"><li>footnote Jane Scholar, “The Ineffable: Fact and Fancy,” Journal of Buddhist Detritus 98 (forthcoming).</li> <li>bibliography Scholar, Jane. “The Ineffable: Fact and Fancy.” Journal of Buddhist Detritus 98 (forthcoming).</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="YForthcomingBook" class="anchorpoint"></a>Y. Forthcoming Book </h3>When a book is under contract but has not yet been published, use “forthcoming” in place of the date:<ul class="star"><li>footnote Jane Q. Author, A Pilgrim’s Guide to Shambhala (Princeton: Princeton University Press, forthcoming), 345-46. note: if there is no page reference, then the period follows the close parenthesis.</li> <li>bibliography Author, Jane Q. A Pilgrim’s Guide to Shambhala. Princeton: Princeton University Press, forthcoming.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="ZAWorkwithNoDate" class="anchorpoint"></a>Z. A Work with No Date</h3>When the date of a bibliographical reference is not given in the work, use “n.d.” (no date) in place of the date.<ul class="star"><li>footnote Jacques Scribbler, Finding the Narrower Path (Hoboken: Wayward Press, n.d.)</li> <li>bibliography Scribbler, Jacques. Finding the Narrower Path. Hoboken: Wayward Press, n.d.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="AACitingMaterialthatisfromaFootnoteinAnotherWork" class="anchorpoint"></a>AA. Citing Material that is from a Footnote in Another Work</h3>Per Sørensen, Tibetan Buddhist Historiography: The Mirror Illuminating the Royal Genealogies (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1994), 369 n. 1200, 373 nn. 1229-30, 434 nn. 1456, 1462. <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="BBPassagewithLineNumbers" class="anchorpoint"></a>BB. Passage with Line Numbers</h3> Always use “line”" or “lines”; do not us the abbreviations “l.” or “ll”Example: bka’ drin ’brug gi lo phyi ma la/ pho brang ’on cang do na bzhugs pa’i tshe/ (lines 22-23).If the text title is given before the line number(s), separate them with a comma. Example: PT 2056, line 4. <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="CCCitingaFolioSideorSidesofaDunhuangManuscript" class="anchorpoint"></a>CC. Citing a Folio Side or Sides of a Dunhuang Manuscript</h3>Example: found in the Dunhuang manuscript IOL Khot 55, fols. 1r.4-1v.1. <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="DDABibliographicReferencewithinParentheses" class="anchorpoint"></a>DD. A Bibliographic Reference within Parentheses</h3>If the bibliographic reference is contained within parentheses, as in a footnote that has a discussion of a point and then in parentheses has the bibliographic citation, the material in the bibliographic citation that would normally be in parentheses is now in square brackets.Example: 24 Yamaguchi dates its compilation to 824 (Zuiho Yamaguchi, “The Fiction of King Dar Ma’s Persecution of Buddhism,” in De Dunhuang au Japon: Études Chinoises et Bouddhiques Offertes à Michel Soymié, ed. Jean Pierre Drège [Geneva: Librairie Droz, 1996], 243 n. 15). <h3 class="heading-h3"><a name="EEDissertationorThesisNotPublishedbyaCommercialPress" class="anchorpoint"></a>EE. Dissertation or Thesis Not Published by a Commercial Press</h3> <ul class="star"><li>footnote: Gregory Hillis, “The Rhetoric of Naturalness: A Critical Study of the Gnas lugs mdzod” (PhD diss., University of Virginia, 2003), 138.</li> <li>bibliography Hillis, Gregory. “The Rhetoric of Naturalness: A Critical Study of the Gnas lugs mdzod.” PhD diss., University of Virginia, 2003.</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h2"><a name="IVCitationsinBookReviews" class="anchorpoint"></a>IV. Citations in Book Reviews</h3>For book reviews, quotations and references in the book being reviewed should be cited by placing the page number of the quotation in parentheses in the body of the review itself and not in a footnote/endnote. Do not include “pg.” or “pp.” in the citation. For example, use (247) rather than (pg. 247). Punctuation other than periods should go within the quotation marks rather than outside of them. Examples: <ul class="star"><li>“She walked the dog” (247). and not “She walked the dog”. (247)</li> <li>In one of the concessionary paragraphs designed to nuance the overall picture, however, we are told that “rural life at the ground level was....characterized by considerable flexibility....Beyond extracting the full measure of corvée labor and fees from their serfs, [lords] were unconcerned with exercising control over the other aspects of their lives” (12), and with these few words,</li> <li>While some verses “show the direct influence of Daṇḍin’s Kāvyādarśa,” Sujata concludes that “the indigenous poetic figures [metaphors, parallelism, antithesis, verb repetition, etc.] in his mgur far outweigh the classical ones” (262).</li></ul> <h3 class="heading-h6"><a name="ProvidedforunrestrictedusebythespanclassnobrimgsrcsakairwikitoolimagesicklearrowgifaltexternallinktitleexternallinkahrefhttpwwwthliborgtargetrwikiexternalTibetanandHimalayanLibraryaspan" class="anchorpoint"></a>Provided for unrestricted use by the <img src="/" alt="external link: " title="external link"/><a href="http://www.thlib.org" target="rwikiexternal">Tibetan and Himalayan Library</a></h3>

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THL Home	About Us THL Overview First-Time Visitors Guide to Resources How to Cite Help Participation & Support Sponsors Status Reports THL URLs Contact Us
Collections	Multimedia Audio & Video Archive Images Maps Texts
Reference	Bibliographies Finding Aids Knowledge Maps Place Dictionary Transliteration Tibetan Dictionary Tibetan Translation Tool Tibetan-Phonetics Converter Tibetan-Wylie Converter
Places	Cultural Geography Interactive Map Maps Nepal Census Data Place Dictionary
Literature	Tibetan Canons Kangyur/Tengyur Collected Tantras of the Ancients Dilgo Khyentsé Catalog Literary Genres
Community	Social Connections Blogs Collaboration Worksites Communication Discussion Forums Events Mailing Lists THL Partners Tibetan News
Tools	Toolbox Prep Computer Software Technologies THL Research Lab Fonts:(Chinese Diacritics Nepali Tibetan )
Projects	Antiquities of Zhangzhung Drepung Monastery JIATS Meru Nyingpa Monastery Sera Monastery Projects Inventory Status Reports

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