Edited by Geoffrey Barstow, Mickey Stockwell and Michael White | Tibetan & Himalayan Library
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II.1. Stelae and accompanying structures: Funerary and non-funerary structures
Dröwo DoringGros bo rdo ring
Basic site data
- Site name: Dröwo DoringGros bo rdo ring (sp.?)
- Site number: D-131
- Site typology: II.1b, II.2a, II.2b
- Elevation: 4790 m
- Administrative location (township): ChulhoChu lho
- Administrative location (county): TsochenMtsho chen
- Survey expedition: HTWE
- Survey date: June 11, 2004
- Contemporary usage: Light grazing.
- Identifiable Buddhist constructions: None.
- Maps: UTRS X
- View Place Dictionary Entry
- View Sites Images
General site characteristics
Dröwo DoringGros bo rdo ring is located in an expansive basin, which is drained by an effluent of the Sau TsangpoSa’u gtsang po river system. This site has deep views to the east, and is also open in the south and west. The view to the north is cutoff by a proximate ridge. The terrain is level, sandy and gravelly. Dröwo DoringGros bo rdo ring consists of two pillars erected inside an enclosure and at least nine outlying funerary enclosures.
Oral tradition
None was collected.
Site elements
Enclosure
The enclosure is generally aligned in the cardinal directions, and measures 8.1 m (north-south) by 4.2 m (east-west). Much of the double-course slab-wall enclosure has survived intact. The individual slabs are flush with the ground surface or project above it to a maximum height of 15 cm. The double-course east wall (50 cm thick) consists of slabs 20 cm to 40 cm in length. There is an opening or “portal” in the east wall, demarcated by two slabs (40 cm and 50 cm long), which run perpendicular to the wall course. This 30 cm wide portal is fairly well centered between the north and south walls of the enclosure. The north wall (50 cm to 65 cm thick) of the enclosure is composed of slabs up to 55 cm in length. The first 5.5 m of the east side of the north wall is largely intact, while the remaining segment to the west has lost the inner course of parallel slabs. Most of the outer line of slabs in the south wall and the inner line of slabs in the west wall are also in situ. These slabs are up to 65 cm in length. The south wall is punctuated by an opening 1.1 m in width, which is demarcated by two slabs (40 cm and 50 cm long) placed perpendicular to the wall course. This opening begins 3.9 m from the southwest corner of the enclosure. This appears to be the only example of a “portal” in any but the east wall surveyed to date, but due to much degradation of the enclosure, the structural evidence is somewhat ambiguous. The horns of goats and sheep are scattered around the enclosure. It is a fairly common practice for drokpa’brog pa to deposit the horns of livestock at such sites as a magical means to protect the herds.
Pillars
There are two highly eroded pillars planted inside the enclosure. The unbroken specimen is situated 40 cm from the inner edge of the west wall. This irregularly shaped gray pillar has weathered to a reddish brown color (1.2 m [height] by 1 m [basal girth]). The unbroken pillar slightly tilts to the north. There is also a broken tabular or irregularly shaped pillar standing to the north of the unbroken specimen (55 cm by 1.3 m). The massive girth of the broken pillar indicates that originally it must have been of substantial height. Like its unbroken counterpart, this uncut gray piece of rock has weathered to a reddish brown color.
Outlying funerary structures
Funerary structures FS1 to FS5 are all located on the level floor of the basin.
Funerary Structure FS1
Funerary structure FS1 is situated 52 m northwest of the walled pillars. This quadrate double-course upright slab-wall enclosure is aligned in the cardinal directions. It measures 6.8 m (north-south) by 7.2 m (east-west). Surviving double-course wall fragments are 40 cm to 80 cm in thickness. In the west wall there is a segment 1.6 m in length and 60 cm in thickness, which is composed of multiple courses of small slabs. There are five to seven of these slabs (10 cm to 30 cm long) running abreast of one other in meandering lines.
Funerary Structure FS2
Funerary structure FS2 is situated 30 m north of the walled pillars. This structure has been reduced to just three adjacent slabs (50 cm to 85 cm long). Two of these upright slabs run perpendicular to the alignment of the third one. FS2 appears to be a small remnant of a more elaborate funerary structure.
Funerary Structure FS3
Funerary structure FS3 is situated 56 m north of the walled pillars. There are just six slabs (30 cm to 70 cm long) laid edgewise into the ground in the south wall of this highly fragmentary quadrate enclosure. There are also three in situ slabs in what appears to be the northwest corner of the structure and one slab in place in its northeast corner. The surviving structural evidence suggests that FS3 may have had single-course perimeter walls.
Funerary Structure FS4
Funerary structure FS4 (5 m by 5.3 m) is situated 26 m north of FS3. The perimeter walls of this quadrate enclosure consist of a single line of blocky stones flush with the surface. FS4 is not aligned in the cardinal directions.
Funerary Structure FS5
Funerary structure FS5 is situated 4 m north of FS4. This highly deteriorated quadrate enclosure roughly measures 14.2 m (north-south) by 6 m (east-west). Only a few blocks and slabs of the walls are still in place. The largest in situ slab is 75 cm in length. FS5 may have consisted of several interconnected cells.
Funerary structures FS6 to FS8 are located on the foot of the ridge that bounds the north side of the basin.
Funerary Structure FS6
Funerary structure FS6 (6 m by 5.3 m) is situated 71 m northwest of FS5. FS6 is not aligned in the cardinal directions. Only some blocks and slabs are still in place in the perimeter walls of this enclosure. These stones are flush with the ground surface or rise above it to a maximum height of 30 cm. There appears to be a highly fragmentary enclosure in close proximity to FS6, which extends 7 m to the north.
Funerary Structure FS7
Funerary structure FS7 is situated 7.7 m northwest of FS6. This poorly preserved enclosure is not well aligned in the cardinal directions. It measures 13.8 (east-west) by 7.4 m (north-south). Only small bits of its slab and block walls have survived. FS7 is elevated about 70 cm above the adjacent terrain on its south side, while its north/uphill side is level with the slope. The north wall, with its small double-course fragments (around 50 cm thick), is the most intact portion of FS7. There is a depression in the interior of this enclosure.
Funerary Structure FS8
Funerary structure FS8 (1.6 m by 1.7 m) sits between FS6 and FS7, on gently sloping sandy ground. The perimeter walls of this small enclosure are composed of a single line of upright slabs (10 cm to 25 cm long). The south side of this structure has been destroyed. Given its diminutive size, FS8 may have served a very different funerary function from that of neighboring structures.
Funerary Structure FS9
Funerary structure FS9 (2.3 m by 2 m) is situated 8.4 m north/uphill of FS8. Only a few slabs (15 cm to 50 cm long) are still in place and upright in this highly degraded enclosure. The slab that attains 50 cm in length projects 25 cm above ground level. There are possibly other minor funerary structures in the vicinity but virtually all evidence of them has been effaced.
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- Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- A Typological Description and Analysis of Archaic Monuments
- I. Residential Monuments
- II. Archaic Ceremonial Monuments
- II.1. Stelae and accompanying structures: Funerary and non-funerary structures
- Beltsa Gyangtrok DoringBal tshwa gyang khrog rdo ring
- Gurchen DoringGur chen rdo ring
- Khusé DoringKhu se rdo ring
- Jangdé DoringByang sde rdo ring
- Sana Marri DoringSa sna dmar ri rdo ring
- Drukmö Doring’Brug mo’i rdo ring
- Doring TsotraRdo ring mtsho bkra
- Tara DoringRta ra rdo ring
- Drama Nakgu DoringGra ma nag gu rdo ring
- A Serchung Doring’A ser chung rdo ring
- Ukpa Lung Doring’Ug pa lung rdo ring
- Gyaplung DoringRgyab lung rdo ring
- Marchö DoringMar mchod rdo ring
- Sakti DoringSag thi rdo ring
- Luma Archung DoringLu ma ar chung rdo ring
- Nangchu DoringNang chu rdo ring
- Naklhé DoringNag lhas rdo ring
- Lumö Tanak DoringKlu mo’i rta nag rdo ring
- Tsari Lung MöndurTshwa ri lung mon dur
- Shapak DoringSha phag rdo ring
- Tangra DoringThang ra rdo ring
- Nakkhung DoringNag khung rdo ring
- Doring KarnakRdo ring dkar nag
- TekyerThes skyer
- Kekar MöndurRked dkar mon dur
- Mokyok DoringMo kyog rdo ring
- Bültang DoringBul thang rdo ring
- Kyungmö MönraSkyung mo’i mon ra
- Nakpo DoringNag po rdo ring
- Ngönmo DoringSngon mo rdo ring
- Zhalung DoringZha lung rdo ring
- Sanyel DoringSa nyal rdo ring
- Ngönmo MöndurSngon mo mon dur
- Yanglung DoringG.yang lung rdo ring
- Nyönpa Lhé DoringSmyon pa lhas rdo ring
- Garshok DoringSgar gshog rdo ring
- Lhaktsang DoringLhag tshang rdo ring
- Drangchungwa Bam DoringGrang chung ba bam rdo ring
- Gangchen DoringGangs chen rdo ring
- Nakhama DoringNa mkha’ ma rdo ring
- Shamzha DoringGsham zha rdo ring
- Doring RaktsukRdo ring rag gtsug
- Doring GyaplungRdo ring rgyab lung
- Marbuk DoringDmar sbug rdo ring
- Takpur Doring’Thag phur rdo ring
- Yachü DoringG.ya’ bcud rdo ring
- Kyao DoringSkya’o rdo ring
- Chönkhor DoringChos ’khor rdo ring
- Langchen ChewaGlang chen mche ba
- Doring Lung DoringRdo ring lung rdo ring
- Gyatengbur DoringRgya steng ’bur rdo ring
- Langchen DopurGlang chen rdo phur
- Khyiu DurtröKhyi’u dur khrod
- Dzatsok DoringRdza tshogs rdo ring
- Doring NakkhaRdo ring nag kha
- A Ong DoringA ’ong rdo ring
- PaktukPags mthug
- Drakgo DoringBrag sgo rdo ring
- Na NakpoSna nag po
- Khorbuk Doring’Khor sbug rdo ring
- Zhingsa DoringZhing sa rdo ring
- Horduk DoringHor dug rdo ring
- Lhalung DoringLha lung rdo ring
- Jamri DoringByams ri rdo ring
- Tratsang DoringKhra tshang rdo ring
- Omatsé Doring’O ma tshe rdo ring
- Gokdeu DoringSgog rde’u rdo ring
- Khangmar DzashakKhang dmar rdza shag
- Tsengo DoringBtsan sgo rdo ring
- DomilangRdo mi lang
- NgoringSngo ring
- DoringRdo ring
- Nyungkar DoringNyung dkar rdo ring
- Nyenta DoringGnyan rta rdo ring
- KyiserSkyid gser
- Chunak DoringChu nag rdo ring
- Rinchen Chundé DoringRin chen chu ’ded rdo ring
- Tara DoringRta ra rdo ring
- Sharma DoringShar ma rdo ring
- Mönbu DoringMon bu rdo ring
- Dralung DoringGra lung rdo ring
- Dowa SumpaRdo ba gsum pa
- Pelmo TakpurDpal mo ’thag phur
- Gyachung MöndoraRgya chung mon rdo ra
- Gyachen MöndoraRgya chen mon rdo ra
- DoringRdo ring
- DoringRdo ring
- GyamngönGyam sngon
- SokpoSog po
- Dröwo DoringGros bo rdo ring
- DolhéRdo lhas
- Donak DoringRdo nag rdo ring
- DomilangRdo mi lang
- Drakbuk DoringBrag sbug rdo ring
- Trachap DoringKhra chab rdo ring
- TsendoBtsan rdo
- Drankhor DoSbra ’khor rdo
- Kanyin DoringKa nyin rdo ring
- Gyungnak Tsuk DoringGyung nag gtsug rdo ring
- Nyerma Gyam DoringGnyer ma gyam rdo ring
- Jiri BukByi ri sbug
- Tsoksum DoringTshogs gsum rdo ring
- DoringRdo ring
- RokhungRo khung
- Drarong MöndurGra rong mon 'dur
- Dolang NyidrikRdo lang gnyis sgrig
- Lukdo Möndur KhungLug rdo mon dur khung
- Jori DoringJo ri rdo ring
- Droklhé DoringGrog lhas rdo ring
- Zangdong MöndoZangs gdong mon rdo
- II.2. Superficial structures: Primarily funerary superstructure
- Drak TsangpoBrag gtsang po
- Purang KhyölSpu rang ’khyol
- Dziden Chungwa MöndurBrdzi gdan chung ba mon dur
- Burkar Zhung’Bur dkar gzhung
- Nakra MöndurNag ra mon dur
- Tsapo DeumburTshwa po rde’u ’bur
- Drakratar MöndurBrag ra thar mon dur
- Deumbur Nakri MöndurRde’u ’bur nag ri mon dur
- Rindzin MöndurRi ’dzin mon dur
- Rirung MöndurRi rung mon dur
- Jorkhok’Byor khog
- Sergam MöndurSer sgam mon dur
- Luma Drak MöndurLu ma brag mon dur
- NyenmarGnyan dmar
- Chöser MöndurPhyod ser mon dur
- Nelé DrakNe le brag
- Nakra Drakseng MönraNag ra brag seng mon ra
- Beltsa GyangtrokBal tshwa gyang khrog
- Gyamnak MönkhangGyam nag mon khang
- Nyerma Gyam MöndoGnyer ma gyam mon rdo
- Jiu MöndoByi’u mon rdo
- Dripra MöndurGrib ra mon dur
- SechungSe chung
- DingdumSdings zlum
- Ser RiriSer ris ris
- Keltra MöndurSkal khra mon dur
- Name unknown
- Name unknown
- Mandep NupmaDmar ldebs nub ma
- Dramé DzukGra ma’i rdzugs
- Tratsang MöndurKhra tshang mon dur
- Nara MöndurSna ra mon dur
- Ronggo MöndurRong mgo mon dur
- KarkhukDkar khug
- GönroDgon ro
- RonglungRong lung
- Gyeltsen TönpoRgyal mtshan mthon po
- DarchenDar chen
- MarrongDmar rong
- RachenRa chen
- Migön ChönyiMi mgon chos nyid
- GokriSgog ri
- SerlungGser lung
- TsemdaRtse mda’
- TrachenBkra chen
- SangkharBsang mkhar
- SholopukSho lo phug
- Darlung GyangroDar lung gyang ro
- DringakGrib ’gag
- Naser TangGna’ gser thang
- Tsokgi MöndurBtsog gi mon dur
- GyamgyaGyam rgya
- Dorjé DzongRdo rje rdzong
- TsakamTshwa skam
- Trandra MöndurKhra ’dra mon dur
- Drak NakpoBrag nag po
- Omlung’Om lung
- Gyangro NadongGyang ro sna gdong
- Zhunmé DoZhun ma’i mdo
- DeurukRde’u rug
- NyaNya
- NedéGnas sde
- Genmo DeumburRgan mo rde’u ’bur
- Chumik Do LatséChu mig mdo la btsas
- Shongdo RaShong rdo ra
- Tara MönraRta ra mon ra
- Belmo MöndurBal mo mon dur
- Bumtor Chok Möndur’Bum gtor mchog mon dur
- Trachap MöndurKhra chab mon dur
- Salung MöndurSa lung mon dur
- Gakchen’Gag chen
- Shakdé MöndurShag sde mon dur
- Demchok MöndurBde mchog mon dur
- KolokKo logs
- RakderRag sder
- DraktsukBrag gtsug
- NakgyamNag gyam
- Tsanyer Marmbur MönkhangTsha gnyer dmar ’bur mon khang
- Chutiku MönkhangChu thig’u mon khang
- Doring BarmaRdo ring bar ma
- Radra Khordo MöndurRa gra ’khor rdo mon dur
- Dungri Rachung MöndurDung ri ra chung mon dur
- Ritil Tsuk MöndurRi mthil gtsug mon dur
- Pöri MöndurSpos ri mon dur
- KyipzhungSkyibs gzhung
- Tsitsi Mönré TangkaRtsi rtsid mon ra’i thang kha
- Chepu MöndoraChad phu mon rdo ra
- SemodoSe mo do North
- KhandokKha ’dogs
- Tsodo MöndurMtsho do mon dur
- Gyamngönpo MöndurGyam sngon po mon dur
- Unknown
- II.3. Cubic mountaintop tombs
- Trashi DarlungBkra shis dar lung
- Endritsé MöndurAn ’bri rtse mon dur
- Drönchung’Bron chung mon dur
- NyukriSmyug ri
- Drakrel ChokBrag ral lcog
- GomkhorSgom ’khor
- Gyamchung MöndurGyam chung mon dur
- Milam KhyilamMi lam khyi lam
- Denjangri Mukpo DongLdan byang ri smug po gdong
- Tsuk SerraGtsug ser ra
- Gyaruk MöndurRgya rug mon dur
- Dzari RakpaRdza ri rag pa
- PaktukPags mthug
- Cheri TeldzongPhye ri thal rdzong
- Yadra TrikG.ya’ sbra khrigs
- Tagen GyamnariRta rgan gyam sna ri
- Tremo KharSpre mo mkhar
- Rübel MukpoRus sbal smug po
- Tsokgi MöndurBtsog gi mon dur
- ShankhorwaShar ’khor ba
- Alhé Möndur’A lhas mon dur
- Yitsé KharYid rtse mkhar
- Selhé MönkhangGsas lhas mon khang
- II.4. Shrines and miscellaneous constructions
- II.1. Stelae and accompanying structures: Funerary and non-funerary structures
- Supplemental Data on Archaeological Sites First Surveyed before 2001
- DzongserRdzong ser
- Dangra Khyung DzongDang ra khyung rdzong
- Lhalung DruppukLha lung sgrub phug
- TrizhungKhri gzhung
- Shakgang Topo DoringShag gang mtho po rdo ring
- Mertum Chukmo DoringMer btum phyug mo rdo ring
- Pelmo DoringDpal mo rdo phur
- Doring MarmoRdo ring dmar mo
- Doring ChakraRdo ring lcags ra
- Towo MarhrangTho bo dmar hrang
- Chupur DopurChu phur rdo phur
- KyelungSkye lung and LungsumLung gsum
- Milhé KhordoMi lhas ’khor mdo
- Tsamé Gösa MöndurRtswa med god sa mon dur
- Tamchok Ngangpa DoRta mchog ngang pa do
- Tables of the Names and Locations of All Archaic Monuments and Rock Art Sites Documented to Date
- Questions concerning the accuracy of site names
- I.1. Residential Structures Occupying Summits
- I.2 Residential Structures in All Other Locations
- II.1 Stelae and Accompanying Structures
- II.2 Superficial Structures (Primarily Funerary Superstructures)
- II.3 Cubic Mountaintop Tombs
- II.4 Shrines, Minor Stone Constructions and Miscellaneous Structures
- III. Agricultural Structures
- IV. Earthworks
- V.1 Petroglyphs
- V.2 Pictographs
- Map Index
- Bibliography